Rates of enterovirus D68 infections are reportedly rising across the United States, as highlighted by the nonprofit WastewaterSCAN network. This common virus can lead to a rare but serious complication known as acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), which has polio-like symptoms, including limb weakness and paralysis, and predominantly affects children.
To shed light on this situation, CNN spoke with Dr. Leana Wen, a wellness medical expert and emergency physician, who provided insights into enterovirus D68, its spread, symptoms, and what parents can do to protect their children.
What is Enterovirus D68?
Dr. Wen described enterovirus D68 as part of a larger group of over 100 non-polio enteroviruses, many of which cause mild or no symptoms. She noted that “most people are probably unaware that what they have is an enterovirus.” Wastewater testing serves as a vital tool for tracking viral activity in communities, especially since many cases are asymptomatic or undiagnosed. Recent data indicates that enterovirus activity is currently at a “medium” level, with an increase noted since July.
How is it Spread?
Enterovirus D68 is primarily a respiratory virus. According to Dr. Wen, it spreads through respiratory droplets from sneezing or coughing, which can infect others directly or contaminate surfaces. Children are particularly susceptible due to their close contact in settings like schools and daycare, combined with varying levels of hygiene awareness. While adults can also contract the virus, they are generally less likely to show symptoms.
Symptoms of Enterovirus D68
Common symptoms of enterovirus D68 include mild cold-like signs such as a runny nose, sneezing, fever, and cough. More severe cases may present with difficulty breathing, fatigue, and body aches. Dr. Wen emphasized that asymptomatic infections complicate containment efforts.
Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)
AFM is a rare but severe complication associated with enterovirus D68, first identified in 2014. It can follow a viral infection, leading to sudden weakness in the limbs, loss of muscle tone, and sometimes respiratory muscle involvement, which can be life-threatening. Dr. Wen explained that while some patients may recover fully, many suffer lasting effects.
Likelihood of Developing AFM
Dr. Wen reassured parents that the risk of enterovirus D68 leading to AFM is low. She stated, “Enterovirus infections are very common,” with most cases remaining undiagnosed. Since AFM was first recognized, there have been only 758 confirmed cases in the U.S., with 13 cases reported this year as of early September.
Precautionary Steps for Families
To reduce the risk of contracting enterovirus D68, Dr. Wen recommends that families practice good hand hygiene. She urged children to wash their hands thoroughly after returning home from school or playing. Handwashing with soap and water is preferable, but hand sanitizer can be used when soap isn’t available. Parents should also educate older children about avoiding face-touching with unwashed hands, covering sneezes and coughs, and maintaining hygiene after touching common surfaces.
Additionally, parents should be vigilant for signs of AFM, such as sudden limb weakness, slurred speech, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, and neck or back pain, which require prompt medical attention.
While no vaccine specifically exists for enterovirus D68, Dr. Wen encouraged parents to ensure that their children are up-to-date with their vaccinations for other illnesses, underscoring the importance of preventive healthcare.
By taking these precautions, families can better navigate the risks associated with enterovirus D68 and protect their children’s health.
