Rwanda is currently facing its first outbreak of Marburg virus disease, a rare and often lethal hemorrhagic fever similar to Ebola. Unlike Ebola, however, there are no approved treatments or vaccines available for Marburg, which has an alarming fatality rate of 88%. The Rwandan health ministry has reported that 26 individuals have contracted the virus, with 18 receiving treatment and eight fatalities confirmed so far.
In response to this outbreak, the World Health Organization (WHO) has mobilized to assist Rwanda. Over the weekend, they announced the deployment of a team of seven global experts specializing in hemorrhagic diseases to help local public health officials. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is also sending specialists to support efforts in testing and contact tracing.
Currently, there are no reported cases of Marburg in the United States, and the risk to Americans is deemed low. The CDC has maintained a presence in Rwanda since 2002, collaborating with the nation to strengthen its healthcare infrastructure. WHO representatives have emphasized that Rwanda possesses a robust public health system, which could aid in effectively managing this outbreak. Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, the WHO’s regional director for Africa, stated that the organization is working closely with Rwandan authorities to enhance ongoing response efforts.
Dr. Brian Chirombo, WHO’s representative to Rwanda, expressed confidence in the country’s ability to control the situation quickly. The Rwandan Ministry of Health has communicated that citizens can continue their daily activities, urging the public not to panic, as they believe they have identified all areas at risk and are taking necessary precautions to prevent further spread of the virus.
As of now, the Marburg virus has been reported in seven of Rwanda’s 30 districts. Over 100 individuals who had contact with infected persons are currently being monitored or are in isolation. Many of those infected are healthcare workers, highlighting the risks faced by medical personnel in outbreak situations.
The Marburg virus is classified as an orthomarburgvirus, which is naturally found in fruit bats and belongs to the same family as the Ebola virus. It spreads from person to person primarily through contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals. Handling contaminated clothing or bedding can also pose a risk. Fortunately, Marburg is not an airborne virus like the one that causes COVID-19, making it somewhat easier to control, according to experts.
Symptoms of Marburg can take up to three weeks to appear following exposure. Initial signs often include a rash and fever, followed by vomiting, severe headaches, and muscle aches. In more severe cases, patients may experience bleeding from various areas, including the nose, gums, and eyes, as well as internal bleeding that can manifest as blood in vomit, urine, and stool. The significant blood loss associated with the illness can lead to shock and death.
While scientists are actively researching potential vaccines and treatments, current supportive care focuses on ensuring rest and hydration for those affected. The situation in Rwanda is being closely monitored, with health authorities taking proactive measures to contain the virus and support affected communities.
As the outbreak unfolds, health organizations remain vigilant, working alongside Rwandan officials to manage and mitigate the impact of Marburg. The combination of Rwanda’s strong public health system, the collaboration with international health experts, and effective communication strategies are essential elements in the ongoing response to this health crisis.
